87 A wide range of data is collected for each stage in the product life cycle, including raw material extraction, raw material transport, manufacturing, distribution, installation, use, end-of-life and recycling. This data should be as specific and precise as possible. The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) tool is used to determine the environmental impact of the product over its entire life cycle. These calculated according to European or international standards. This establishes the product’s environmental profile. The EPD is audited by an independent third party to ensure that the data is robust. There are national operators such as INIES in France, IBU in Germany and EPD Norge in Norway, international operators such as EPD International, or european operators such as Ecoportal. On these platforms, the data is public and can be compared. Architectural and engineering firms can research product EPDs and carry out full LCAs of buildings. They can also use Building Information Modeling (BIM), which is inked to the data. Audited declaration Publication in a program operator’s database Calculation environmental impact Collection Product data Factory data Other generic data Use Use of Building Information Modeling (bim) Construct a complete LCA for building LISTEN to episode 9 of our Constructing NewWor(l)ds on Building Life Cycle Assessment
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